| The
communications between learners and instructors in distance
education must be provided by technologies. There is a wide
variety available. They include broadcast radio and television;
audio- and videotapes; interactive audio and video teleconferencing;
various computer and Internet technologies, and print technologies.
Different devices may be used for courseware delivery and
for interpersonal interaction, but the backbone technologies
along which the signals travel are often the same. The Technology
domain provides information about the varieties of each
of these technologies, and describes their different strengths
and weaknesses as vehicles for education.
Among
features to be considered are the relative merits of recorded
technologies for delivering presentations of subject matter
and the merits of teleconferencing technologies for facilitating
interaction between teachers and learners. Administrators
and teachers have to consider the benefits of relatively
high cost technologies such as broadcast television and
interactive video compared with the lower costs of text,
audio recording and telephone conferencing.
Mixtures
of technologies will always produce better results than
any single technology. Getting the optimum mixture though
requires great skill and knowledge. Ultimately it depends
more on the quality of course design and the quality of
instruction than on technology itself.
More
resources:
Efendioglu,
Alev. and Murray, L.W. 2000. "Education
at a Distance: Teaching Executives in China".
T H E Journal, Jan 2000, Vol. 27, Issue 6.
Iwanaga,
M. 2000. "The present
and the future of multimedia in Japan's open learning,"
Paper presented at the 14th Annual Conference of the Asian
Association of Open Universities, Manila, Philippines,
October 25-27, 2000.
Kawai,
A. 2002. "The role
of radio programmes in Japanese post-war agricultural
and rural development: A lesson for vocational education
and training". Paper presented at the 15th Annual
Conference of the Asian Association of Open Universities,
New Delhi, India, February 21-23, 2002.
Kondo,
K., 1996. "Inter-University
VSAT Network in Japan: Space collaboration system."
Paper presented at the conference on Educational Technology
2000: A Global Vision for Open and Distance Learning,
Singapore, August 15-17, 1996.
Murphy,
D.; Tsang, E. & Vermeer, R. 1996."Interactive
multimedia development at the Open learning Institute
of Hong Kong," Paper presented at the conference
on Educational Technology 2000: A Global Vision for Open
and Distance Learning, Singapore, August 15-17, 1996.
Setsuo
Yokoyama (2000), Visual
Field Record System for the Purpose of the Bahaviour Analysis
in Distance Education, The Flagship University, pp.3-22.
Yoshida,
M., Poonyakanok, P., Tiranasar, A., and Mori, S. 1999.
"Authentic Situation
with Streaming Video in Distance Learning." Paper
Presented at International Conference and Exhibition on
Education Superhighway (29 November - 4 December) 2 December,
Penang, Malaysia: SEAMEO RECSAM, Proceedings, pp.7.1-7.7.
Yoshida,
M. et al. (1999), Characteristics
of Communication within a Video Conference Class and Anticipatory
Strategies for its Limitation, In Research Report.
Media in Higher Education and Instructional Skill Development.
Various Aspects of Media Utilization and Faculty Support.
(Saga, H.: Principal Investigator), Research Report of
National Institute of Multimedia Education, 09-1999-9,
pp.121-131.
Yuen,
K.S. & Tsang, E. 2000. "Provision
of an online learning environment for distance learning:
Experience of the Open University of Hong Kong,"
Paper presented at 2000 Conference of E-learning, The
PolyUniversity of Hong Kong, Nov. 2000.
Print
and Recorded • Broadcast
and Computer-Based • Interactive
• Backbone
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